The God Object That Knew Too Much: Refactoring a 478-Line Class Into Clean Architecture
God Objects rarely start as God Objects. They grow into them, one "quick addition" at a time. A constructor that loads a few relationships. A method to check permissions. A helper for PDF generation. Before you know it, you have a 478-line class with six different responsibilities that gets instantiated in every controller action. I broke down a real-world example from a Laravel codebase and refactored it into DTOs, queued jobs, policies, and services — one step at a time.